KPV
KPV is a peptide of three amino acids: lysine, proline and valine. It is the last three amino acids of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), a hormone made in the pituitary gland. Unlike α-MSH, it lacks a tanning effect and does not appear to act on melanocortin receptors. It is not approved anywhere, and FDA found no data on its use in people.
Approval status
Not approved as a medicine in any country. FDA had listed it among compounding substances that may pose significant safety risks, citing no human exposure data. It came off that list in April 2026 after its nomination was withdrawn, but it is still not a substance pharmacies may compound with. In July 2026 FDA staff reviewed it for wound healing and inflammatory conditions and advised against allowing it; news reports say FDA's advisory panel narrowly voted to recommend it.1456711
What it’s used or studied for
- Animal & lab only
Inflammatory bowel disease: in mice with chemically induced colitis, KPV given by mouth, alone or in nanoparticles, reduced gut inflammation.89
- Animal & lab only
Skin wounds and skin inflammation: rodent and lab studies suggest anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects. Researchers say human trials are still needed.13
- Animal & lab only
Inflammation elsewhere in the body: in mice, KPV reduced inflammation of the abdominal lining, apparently by blocking the effects of interleukin-1.10
Each label shows how strong the evidence is: an approved use, human studies, animal or lab studies only, or a popular claim with no published studies. Being studied is not the same as being proven safe or effective.
Side effects
There are no published human safety data. FDA found no human exposure data, no adverse event reports and no animal toxicity studies for KPV.1
Cautions
- FDA says the safety of KPV in people is unknown, including whether it triggers immune reactions or clumps (aggregates).1
Sources
- FDA briefing document: Evaluation of KPV for the 503A bulks list (PCAC meeting, July 2026)
- PubChem: Lys-Pro-Val, alpha-MSH (11-13) (CID 125672)
- Böhm & Luger (2019). Are melanocortin peptides future therapeutics for cutaneous wound healing? Exp Dermatol
- FDA: Bulk drug substances used in compounding that may present significant safety risks (current as of April 2026)
- FDA: Bulk drug substances nominated for compounding under section 503A, categories 1 to 3 (updated May 14, 2026)
- FDA guidance: Interim policy on compounding using bulk drug substances under section 503A (January 2025)
- AJMC news: FDA panel backs 6 peptides for compounding (July 31, 2026)
- Dalmasso et al. (2008). PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation. Gastroenterology
- Xiao et al. (2017). Orally targeted delivery of tripeptide KPV via hyaluronic acid-functionalized nanoparticles alleviates ulcerative colitis. Mol Ther
- Getting, Schiöth & Perretti (2003). Dissection of the anti-inflammatory effect of the core and C-terminal (KPV) alpha-MSH peptides. J Pharmacol Exp Ther
- World Anti-Doping Agency: 2026 Prohibited List (in force from January 1, 2026)
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